Yellowstone County, Montana: hazard history
What federal records show has already happened here: disaster declarations, storms, and flood insurance claims. This is a record of the past. It is not a forecast and not a hazard score.
At a glance
What this means
- The event NOAA recorded most often here is Hail, with 439 records.
- The costliest single record is Tornado in 2010: $30.0M in property damage, in the dollars of that year.
- The deadliest record is Lightning in 2009, with 1 death.
- FEMA has declared 14 disasters that named this county, most often for fire.
- The worst year for flood insurance claims was 1997, with 57 claims.
What this can't tell you
- What happens next. Past events do not set the odds of the next one.
- Anything before 1996 from NOAA. That is when NOAA began recording every event type; earlier files hold only tornado, hail and wind, so they are left out on purpose.
- Today's cost. Damage and payments are in the dollars of the year they happened.
- A flood rate. NFIP counts claims but not how many homes were insured, and many flooded homes carry no flood insurance.
- Earthquakes, wildfire perimeters or radar-detected hail. Those records are not tied to counties.
Federal disaster declarations (FEMA)
FEMA declared 14 disasters that named Yellowstone County between 1978 and 2022.
| Incident type | Disasters | Most recent |
|---|---|---|
| Fire | 7 | 2021 |
| Biological | 2 | 2020 |
| Flood | 2 | 2022 |
| Severe Storm | 2 | 2011 |
| Hurricane | 1 | 2005 |
Most recent declarations
- DR-4655 2022 · Flood · Severe Storm And Flooding
- FM-5399 2021 · Fire · Buffalo Wildfire
- FM-5344 2020 · Fire · Bobcat Fire
- FM-5324 2020 · Fire · Falling Star Fire
- EM-3476 2020 · Biological · Covid-19
- DR-4508 2020 · Biological · Covid-19 Pandemic
- FM-2950 2011 · Fire · Canyon Creek Fire
- DR-1996 2011 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms And Flooding
- FM-2723 2007 · Fire · Ford Road Fire
- FM-2669 2006 · Fire · Emerald Hills Fire
Not counted above: 32 statewide declarations, which covered every county in Montana. A declaration is a decision to send federal help, not a measure of how bad an event was. Records run from 1953. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries.
Storms recorded by NOAA, by type
| Event type | Records | Deaths | Injuries | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hail | 439 | 0 | 0 | $14.0M |
| Thunderstorm Wind | 311 | 0 | 3 | $2.5M |
| High Wind | 111 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Winter Storm | 67 | 1 | 0 | $0 |
| Heavy Snow | 44 | 0 | 0 | $14K |
| Flash Flood | 24 | 0 | 0 | $4.3M |
| Funnel Cloud | 15 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Flood | 14 | 1 | 0 | $300K |
| Tornado | 8 | 0 | 0 | $30.0M |
| Heavy Rain | 5 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Winter Weather | 5 | 2 | 0 | $0 |
| Lightning | 4 | 1 | 2 | $10K |
| Wildfire | 4 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Blizzard | 2 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Drought | 2 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Extreme Cold/Wind Chill | 2 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Cold/Wind Chill | 1 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Dust Devil | 1 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Ice Storm | 1 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
Records start in 1996. Damage is NOAA's estimate at the time, in nominal dollars, and is often rounded; it is not insurance claims data. A storm that crossed two NOAA zones in this county is recorded, and counted, once per zone.
Year by year
NOAA storm event records in Yellowstone County each year. The busiest year was 2019, with 89 records.
Show the numbers for every year
| Year | Records | Deaths | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 18 | 0 | $0 |
| 1997 | 21 | 0 | $0 |
| 1998 | 33 | 0 | $14.0M |
| 1999 | 20 | 0 | $5K |
| 2000 | 32 | 0 | $14K |
| 2001 | 72 | 0 | $0 |
| 2002 | 33 | 0 | $0 |
| 2003 | 23 | 0 | $0 |
| 2004 | 5 | 0 | $0 |
| 2005 | 38 | 0 | $0 |
| 2006 | 28 | 0 | $0 |
| 2007 | 45 | 0 | $0 |
| 2008 | 27 | 0 | $0 |
| 2009 | 12 | 1 | $0 |
| 2010 | 41 | 0 | $32.7M |
| 2011 | 50 | 1 | $303K |
| 2012 | 8 | 0 | $0 |
| 2013 | 60 | 1 | $0 |
| 2014 | 39 | 1 | $0 |
| 2015 | 38 | 0 | $0 |
| 2016 | 49 | 0 | $0 |
| 2017 | 15 | 1 | $0 |
| 2018 | 38 | 0 | $0 |
| 2019 | 89 | 0 | $2.5M |
| 2020 | 29 | 0 | $0 |
| 2021 | 39 | 0 | $0 |
| 2022 | 53 | 0 | $0 |
| 2023 | 12 | 0 | $1.6M |
| 2024 | 29 | 0 | $0 |
| 2025 | 51 | 0 | $0 |
| 2026 | 13 | 0 | $0 |
Years with no record are left out of the table, not shown as zero.
Notable events
Costliest records
- Tornado · Jun 20, 2010$30.0MNOAA name: YELLOWSTONE · NOAA record 234521
- Hail · Jul 31, 1998$8.0MNOAA name: YELLOWSTONE · NOAA record 5658263
- Hail · Jul 4, 1998$4.0MNOAA name: YELLOWSTONE · NOAA record 5658068
- Flash Flood · Jun 20, 2010$2.7MNOAA name: YELLOWSTONE · NOAA record 239261
- Thunderstorm Wind · Aug 11, 2019$2.5MNOAA name: YELLOWSTONE · NOAA record 841826
Deadliest records
- Lightning · Jul 4, 20091 deathNOAA name: YELLOWSTONE · NOAA record 177438
- Flood · May 21, 20111 deathNOAA name: YELLOWSTONE · $300K damage · NOAA record 313379
- Winter Weather · Dec 11, 20131 deathNOAA name: YELLOWSTONE · NOAA record 487095
- Winter Storm · Feb 23, 20141 deathNOAA name: YELLOWSTONE · NOAA record 501932
- Winter Weather · Dec 19, 20171 deathNOAA name: YELLOWSTONE · NOAA record 727405
Each line is one NOAA record, linked to its page at NOAA. One large storm can appear more than once if NOAA recorded it in several zones of this county. Dollars are nominal.
Flood insurance claims (NFIP)
The National Flood Insurance Program paid $2.4M on 280 claims in Yellowstone County from 1978 to 2023.
| Year | Claims | Paid |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 57 | $420K |
| 1978 | 52 | $181K |
| 2011 | 46 | $332K |
| 2022 | 25 | $791K |
| 2013 | 15 | $102K |
A count of claims, not a rate: NFIP publishes no count of insured homes beside it, and most flood damage is uninsured. Nominal dollars. Records run from 1978 to 2024; claims filed without a county code are not on any county page. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA FIMA NFIP Redacted Claims.
Hazard vulnerability analysis: the probability column for a facility in Yellowstone County
A hazard vulnerability analysis rates each hazard for probability, impact, preparedness and response. Probability is the one column the county’s federal record can fill — NCEI storm events from 1996 to 2026 and FEMA declarations naming the county — and this is what it says for a facility here, on the 0–3 scale of the all-hazards structure surveyors expect. The other six columns are the facility’s own judgment about its building, and Calchis leaves them blank.
| Hazard | Prob. | Basis, from the county record |
|---|---|---|
| Severe Thunderstorm | 3 | 754 NCEI events over 31 years (24.32/yr). 2 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Flood, External | 3 | 43 NCEI events over 31 years (1.39/yr). 2 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Snow Fall / Blizzard / Ice Storm | 3 | 119 NCEI events over 31 years (3.84/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Wild Fire | 3 | 4 NCEI events over 31 years (0.13/yr). 7 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| High Wind (non-convective) | 3 | 111 NCEI events over 31 years (3.58/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Hurricane / Tropical Storm | 2 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Tornado | 2 | 8 NCEI events over 31 years (0.26/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Epidemic | 2 | 2 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Temperature Extremes | 1 | 3 NCEI events over 31 years (0.10/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Drought | 1 | 2 NCEI events over 31 years (0.06/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Earthquake | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Landslide | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Tidal Wave / Tsunami | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Volcano | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Dam Inundation | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
A dash means the record does not speak to that hazard; it is not a zero. Whether a finished document satisfies the CMS Emergency Preparedness Rule is the facility’s finding and its surveyor’s. Complete the HVA for a facility in Yellowstone County — the technological, human and hazardous-materials rows, the six facility columns, the approval and the printed document — or read the sample analysis on that page first.
How this page was made
- Every figure is counted from public federal records held by Calchis: NOAA NCEI Storm Events, FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations, and FEMA NFIP claims. Nothing is modeled or estimated.
- NOAA files some events by county and others by forecast zone, and names both. Records are counted as Yellowstone County when their NOAA name is this county's name, alone or with a word like “Coastal” or “Inland” in front. The county codes NOAA also publishes have not been loaded for Montana yet; when they are, this page will count by code instead, and some counties' records will grow. NOAA names counted here: NORTHEASTERN YELLOWSTONE, SOUTHWESTERN YELLOWSTONE, YELLOWSTONE. Zones named for something else, such as a mountain range or two counties at once, are left out: 24% of Montana's NOAA records.
- Counts last rebuilt from the source records on Sep 15, 2026.
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Recorded history from federal public records. Not a hazard score, a risk score, or a forecast, and not a substitute for professional actuarial or emergency-management assessment. Decision-support intelligence — not a primary alerting or dispatch system. Verify against official sources.