Rosebud County, Montana: hazard history
What federal records show has already happened here: disaster declarations, storms, and flood insurance claims. This is a record of the past. It is not a forecast and not a hazard score.
At a glance
What this means
- The event NOAA recorded most often here is Hail, with 298 records.
- The costliest single record is Flood in 2011: $225K in property damage, in the dollars of that year.
- The deadliest record is Winter Weather in 2009, with 2 deaths.
- FEMA has declared 15 disasters that named this county, most often for fire.
- The worst year for flood insurance claims was 2014, with 4 claims.
What this can't tell you
- What happens next. Past events do not set the odds of the next one.
- Anything before 1996 from NOAA. That is when NOAA began recording every event type; earlier files hold only tornado, hail and wind, so they are left out on purpose.
- Today's cost. Damage and payments are in the dollars of the year they happened.
- A flood rate. NFIP counts claims but not how many homes were insured, and many flooded homes carry no flood insurance.
- Earthquakes, wildfire perimeters or radar-detected hail. Those records are not tied to counties.
Federal disaster declarations (FEMA)
FEMA declared 15 disasters that named Rosebud County between 1978 and 2025.
| Incident type | Disasters | Most recent |
|---|---|---|
| Fire | 6 | 2021 |
| Flood | 4 | 2014 |
| Biological | 2 | 2020 |
| Hurricane | 1 | 2005 |
| Severe Storm | 1 | 2011 |
| Straight-Line Winds | 1 | 2025 |
Most recent declarations
- DR-4902 2025 · Straight-Line Winds · Severe Winter Storm And Straight-line Winds
- FM-5406 2021 · Fire · Richard Spring Fire
- DR-4623 2021 · Fire · Richard Spring Fire
- FM-5345 2020 · Fire · Snider/rice Fire Complex
- EM-3476 2020 · Biological · Covid-19
- DR-4508 2020 · Biological · Covid-19 Pandemic
- DR-4172 2014 · Flood · Ice Jams And Flooding
- DR-4127 2013 · Flood · Flooding
- FM-2989 2012 · Fire · Ash Creek Fire
- DR-4074 2012 · Fire · Wildfire
Not counted above: 28 statewide declarations, which covered every county in Montana. A declaration is a decision to send federal help, not a measure of how bad an event was. Records run from 1953. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries.
Storms recorded by NOAA, by type
| Event type | Records | Deaths | Injuries | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hail | 298 | 0 | 0 | $6K |
| Thunderstorm Wind | 204 | 0 | 0 | $26K |
| High Wind | 87 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Winter Storm | 82 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Heavy Snow | 34 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Flash Flood | 16 | 0 | 0 | $130K |
| Flood | 12 | 0 | 0 | $225K |
| Wildfire | 12 | 0 | 0 | $400K |
| Blizzard | 8 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Funnel Cloud | 6 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Tornado | 4 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Heavy Rain | 3 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Ice Storm | 3 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Winter Weather | 3 | 5 | 2 | $0 |
| Drought | 2 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Lightning | 2 | 0 | 3 | $10K |
| Cold/Wind Chill | 1 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Extreme Cold/Wind Chill | 1 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
Records start in 1996. Damage is NOAA's estimate at the time, in nominal dollars, and is often rounded; it is not insurance claims data. A storm that crossed two NOAA zones in this county is recorded, and counted, once per zone. A storm filed against a forecast zone is counted in every county that zone covers, with the whole storm's damage; do not add these figures across counties.
Year by year
NOAA storm event records in Rosebud County each year. The busiest year was 2001, with 53 records.
Show the numbers for every year
| Year | Records | Deaths | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 21 | 0 | $0 |
| 1997 | 9 | 0 | $0 |
| 1998 | 18 | 0 | $227K |
| 1999 | 24 | 0 | $0 |
| 2000 | 29 | 0 | $15K |
| 2001 | 53 | 0 | $0 |
| 2002 | 32 | 0 | $0 |
| 2003 | 13 | 0 | $200K |
| 2004 | 9 | 0 | $0 |
| 2005 | 31 | 0 | $0 |
| 2006 | 45 | 0 | $0 |
| 2007 | 37 | 0 | $0 |
| 2008 | 31 | 0 | $0 |
| 2009 | 12 | 2 | $0 |
| 2010 | 40 | 0 | $130K |
| 2011 | 26 | 0 | $225K |
| 2012 | 14 | 0 | $0 |
| 2013 | 36 | 0 | $0 |
| 2014 | 31 | 0 | $0 |
| 2015 | 22 | 0 | $0 |
| 2016 | 19 | 0 | $0 |
| 2017 | 11 | 0 | $0 |
| 2018 | 44 | 1 | $0 |
| 2019 | 27 | 0 | $0 |
| 2020 | 24 | 2 | $0 |
| 2021 | 21 | 0 | $0 |
| 2022 | 28 | 0 | $0 |
| 2023 | 16 | 0 | $0 |
| 2024 | 21 | 0 | $0 |
| 2025 | 25 | 0 | $0 |
| 2026 | 9 | 0 | $0 |
Years with no record are left out of the table, not shown as zero.
Notable events
Costliest records
- Flood · May 21, 2011$225KNOAA name: Rosebud County · NOAA record 309028
- Wildfire · Jul 17, 1998$200KNOAA name: Rosebud County · NOAA record 5658343
- Wildfire · Aug 12, 2003$200KNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 5327779
- Flash Flood · May 26, 2010$130KNOAA name: Rosebud County · NOAA record 229336
- Thunderstorm Wind · Jul 4, 1998$10KNOAA name: Rosebud County · NOAA record 5658159
Deadliest records
- Winter Weather · Feb 19, 20092 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 151029
- Winter Weather · Jan 30, 20202 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · 2 injuries · NOAA record 867068
- Winter Weather · Jan 13, 20181 deathNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 731057
Each line is one NOAA record, linked to its page at NOAA. One large storm can appear more than once if NOAA recorded it in several zones of this county. Dollars are nominal.
Flood insurance claims (NFIP)
The National Flood Insurance Program paid $15K on 11 claims in Rosebud County from 1978 to 2019.
| Year | Claims | Paid |
|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 4 | $2K |
| 2011 | 2 | $0 |
| 1997 | 2 | $8K |
| 2019 | 1 | $0 |
| 2018 | 1 | $3K |
A count of claims, not a rate: NFIP publishes no count of insured homes beside it, and most flood damage is uninsured. Nominal dollars. Records run from 1978 to 2024; claims filed without a county code are not on any county page. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA FIMA NFIP Redacted Claims.
Hazard vulnerability analysis: the probability column for a facility in Rosebud County
A hazard vulnerability analysis rates each hazard for probability, impact, preparedness and response. Probability is the one column the county’s federal record can fill — NCEI storm events from 1996 to 2026 and FEMA declarations naming the county — and this is what it says for a facility here, on the 0–3 scale of the all-hazards structure surveyors expect. The other six columns are the facility’s own judgment about its building, and Calchis leaves them blank.
| Hazard | Prob. | Basis, from the county record |
|---|---|---|
| Severe Thunderstorm | 3 | 504 NCEI events over 31 years (16.26/yr). 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Flood, External | 3 | 31 NCEI events over 31 years (1.00/yr). 4 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Snow Fall / Blizzard / Ice Storm | 3 | 130 NCEI events over 31 years (4.19/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Wild Fire | 3 | 12 NCEI events over 31 years (0.39/yr). 6 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| High Wind (non-convective) | 3 | 87 NCEI events over 31 years (2.81/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Hurricane / Tropical Storm | 2 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Tornado | 2 | 4 NCEI events over 31 years (0.13/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Epidemic | 2 | 2 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Temperature Extremes | 1 | 2 NCEI events over 31 years (0.06/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Drought | 1 | 2 NCEI events over 31 years (0.06/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Earthquake | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Landslide | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Tidal Wave / Tsunami | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Volcano | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Dam Inundation | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
A dash means the record does not speak to that hazard; it is not a zero. Whether a finished document satisfies the CMS Emergency Preparedness Rule is the facility’s finding and its surveyor’s. Complete the HVA for a facility in Rosebud County — the technological, human and hazardous-materials rows, the six facility columns, the approval and the printed document — or read the sample analysis on that page first.
How this page was made
- Every figure is counted from public federal records held by Calchis: NOAA NCEI Storm Events, FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations, and FEMA NFIP claims. Nothing is modeled or estimated.
- NOAA files some events against a county and others against an NWS forecast zone, and publishes a code for both. Records are counted as Rosebud County by that code — county records by the county's own FIPS code, zone records through the National Weather Service's published list of which counties each zone covers. No name matching is involved. Of 778 records, 546 were filed against this county and 232 against a forecast zone covering it. A zone storm is counted in every county its zone covers, and its damage figure is the whole storm's, not this county's share — NOAA does not publish that split. So these figures describe this county; they must not be added up across counties. Left out: 21% of Montana's NOAA records, which are marine zones or zones NWS does not map to a county.
- Counts last rebuilt from the source records on Sep 15, 2026.
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Recorded history from federal public records. Not a hazard score, a risk score, or a forecast, and not a substitute for professional actuarial or emergency-management assessment. Decision-support intelligence — not a primary alerting or dispatch system. Verify against official sources.