St. Louis city, Missouri: hazard history
What federal records show has already happened here: disaster declarations, storms, and flood insurance claims. This is a record of the past. It is not a forecast and not a hazard score.
At a glance
What this means
- The event NOAA recorded most often here is Thunderstorm Wind, with 91 records.
- The costliest single record is Tornado in 2025: $1.6B in property damage, in the dollars of that year.
- The deadliest record is Heat in 1999, with 35 deaths.
- FEMA has declared 25 disasters that named this county, most often for severe storm.
- The worst year for flood insurance claims was 1993, with 280 claims.
What this can't tell you
- What happens next. Past events do not set the odds of the next one.
- Anything before 1996 from NOAA. That is when NOAA began recording every event type; earlier files hold only tornado, hail and wind, so they are left out on purpose.
- Today's cost. Damage and payments are in the dollars of the year they happened.
- A flood rate. NFIP counts claims but not how many homes were insured, and many flooded homes carry no flood insurance.
- Earthquakes, wildfire perimeters or radar-detected hail. Those records are not tied to counties.
Federal disaster declarations (FEMA)
FEMA declared 25 disasters that named St. Louis city between 1973 and 2025.
| Incident type | Disasters | Most recent |
|---|---|---|
| Severe Storm | 13 | 2025 |
| Flood | 5 | 2022 |
| Severe Ice Storm | 3 | 2009 |
| Biological | 2 | 2020 |
| Hurricane | 1 | 2005 |
| Tornado | 1 | 1979 |
Most recent declarations
- DR-4877 2025 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms, Straight-line Winds, Tornadoes, And Flooding
- DR-4665 2022 · Flood · Severe Storms And Flooding
- DR-4490 2020 · Biological · Covid-19 Pandemic
- EM-3482 2020 · Biological · Covid-19
- DR-4451 2019 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms, Tornadoes, And Flooding
- DR-4250 2015 · Flood · Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-line Winds, And Flooding
- EM-3374 2015 · Flood · Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-line Winds, And Flooding
- EM-3325 2011 · Flood · Flooding
- EM-3317 2011 · Severe Storm · Severe Winter Storm
- EM-3303 2009 · Severe Ice Storm · Severe Winter Storm
Not counted above: 4 statewide declarations, which covered every county in Missouri. A declaration is a decision to send federal help, not a measure of how bad an event was. Records run from 1953. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries.
Storms recorded by NOAA, by type
| Event type | Records | Deaths | Injuries | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thunderstorm Wind | 91 | 2 | 140 | $1.7M |
| Hail | 81 | 0 | 0 | $750K |
| Heat | 68 | 73 | 1,468 | $0 |
| Excessive Heat | 38 | 31 | 1,107 | $0 |
| Winter Storm | 35 | 2 | 53 | $52.3M |
| Flash Flood | 33 | 1 | 0 | $85.8M |
| Heavy Snow | 12 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Flood | 8 | 0 | 0 | $1K |
| High Wind | 8 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Heavy Rain | 5 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Lightning | 5 | 1 | 7 | $5K |
| Tornado | 5 | 4 | 40 | $1.6B |
| Drought | 4 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Ice Storm | 4 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Winter Weather | 4 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Cold/Wind Chill | 3 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Sleet | 2 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Strong Wind | 2 | 0 | 0 | $1K |
| Extreme Cold/Wind Chill | 1 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Frost/Freeze | 1 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
Records start in 1996. Damage is NOAA's estimate at the time, in nominal dollars, and is often rounded; it is not insurance claims data. A storm that crossed two NOAA zones in this county is recorded, and counted, once per zone. A storm filed against a forecast zone is counted in every county that zone covers, with the whole storm's damage; do not add these figures across counties.
Year by year
NOAA storm event records in St. Louis city each year. The busiest year was 2011, with 25 records.
Show the numbers for every year
| Year | Records | Deaths | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 18 | 2 | $0 |
| 1997 | 10 | 3 | $0 |
| 1998 | 15 | 0 | $0 |
| 1999 | 7 | 35 | $750K |
| 2000 | 14 | 3 | $0 |
| 2001 | 20 | 8 | $0 |
| 2002 | 21 | 5 | $15K |
| 2003 | 14 | 3 | $0 |
| 2004 | 17 | 0 | $350K |
| 2005 | 13 | 6 | $0 |
| 2006 | 18 | 6 | $51.6M |
| 2007 | 13 | 6 | $0 |
| 2008 | 15 | 0 | $1K |
| 2009 | 10 | 0 | $1K |
| 2010 | 23 | 2 | $100K |
| 2011 | 25 | 8 | $0 |
| 2012 | 17 | 19 | $0 |
| 2013 | 11 | 0 | $1K |
| 2014 | 13 | 0 | $1.0M |
| 2015 | 9 | 0 | $0 |
| 2016 | 7 | 1 | $500K |
| 2017 | 9 | 0 | $0 |
| 2018 | 16 | 0 | $0 |
| 2019 | 10 | 0 | $0 |
| 2020 | 5 | 1 | $0 |
| 2021 | 5 | 0 | $45K |
| 2022 | 6 | 1 | $85.0M |
| 2023 | 13 | 1 | $530K |
| 2024 | 7 | 0 | $60K |
| 2025 | 22 | 4 | $1.6B |
| 2026 | 7 | 0 | $0 |
Years with no record are left out of the table, not shown as zero.
Notable events
Costliest records
- Tornado · May 16, 2025$1.6BNOAA name: St. Louis city · 4 deaths · 38 injuries · NOAA record 1262207
- Flash Flood · Jul 26, 2022$85.0MNOAA name: St. Louis city · 1 death · NOAA record 1050073
- Winter Storm · Nov 30, 2006$50.0MNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · 53 injuries · NOAA record 5927
- Winter Storm · Dec 1, 2006$1.3MNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 8397
- Winter Storm · Jan 5, 2014$1.0MNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 487353
Deadliest records
- Heat · Jul 18, 199935 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · 142 injuries · NOAA record 5710228
- Excessive Heat · Jul 1, 201214 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · 84 injuries · NOAA record 399771
- Excessive Heat · Aug 4, 20076 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · 422 injuries · NOAA record 56733
- Excessive Heat · Jul 17, 20115 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · 222 injuries · NOAA record 372751
- Heat · Jul 13, 20064 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · 437 injuries · NOAA record 5524372
Each line is one NOAA record, linked to its page at NOAA. One large storm can appear more than once if NOAA recorded it in several zones of this county. Dollars are nominal.
Flood insurance claims (NFIP)
The National Flood Insurance Program paid $10.1M on 753 claims in St. Louis city from 1978 to 2024.
| Year | Claims | Paid |
|---|---|---|
| 1993 | 280 | $4.1M |
| 1979 | 131 | $478K |
| 1982 | 56 | $212K |
| 1983 | 27 | $49K |
| 2015 | 24 | $116K |
A count of claims, not a rate: NFIP publishes no count of insured homes beside it, and most flood damage is uninsured. Nominal dollars. Records run from 1978 to 2024; claims filed without a county code are not on any county page. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA FIMA NFIP Redacted Claims.
Hazard vulnerability analysis: the probability column for a facility in St. Louis city
A hazard vulnerability analysis rates each hazard for probability, impact, preparedness and response. Probability is the one column the county’s federal record can fill — NCEI storm events from 1996 to 2026 and FEMA declarations naming the county — and this is what it says for a facility here, on the 0–3 scale of the all-hazards structure surveyors expect. The other six columns are the facility’s own judgment about its building, and Calchis leaves them blank.
| Hazard | Prob. | Basis, from the county record |
|---|---|---|
| Severe Thunderstorm | 3 | 177 NCEI events over 31 years (5.71/yr). 13 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Flood, External | 3 | 46 NCEI events over 31 years (1.48/yr). 5 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Snow Fall / Blizzard / Ice Storm | 3 | 57 NCEI events over 31 years (1.84/yr). 3 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Temperature Extremes | 3 | 111 NCEI events over 31 years (3.58/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Hurricane / Tropical Storm | 2 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Tornado | 2 | 5 NCEI events over 31 years (0.16/yr). 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Drought | 2 | 4 NCEI events over 31 years (0.13/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| High Wind (non-convective) | 2 | 10 NCEI events over 31 years (0.32/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Epidemic | 2 | 2 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Wild Fire | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Earthquake | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Landslide | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Tidal Wave / Tsunami | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Volcano | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Dam Inundation | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
A dash means the record does not speak to that hazard; it is not a zero. Whether a finished document satisfies the CMS Emergency Preparedness Rule is the facility’s finding and its surveyor’s. Complete the HVA for a facility in St. Louis city — the technological, human and hazardous-materials rows, the six facility columns, the approval and the printed document — or read the sample analysis on that page first.
How this page was made
- Every figure is counted from public federal records held by Calchis: NOAA NCEI Storm Events, FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations, and FEMA NFIP claims. Nothing is modeled or estimated.
- NOAA files some events against a county and others against an NWS forecast zone, and publishes a code for both. Records are counted as St. Louis city by that code — county records by the county's own FIPS code, zone records through the National Weather Service's published list of which counties each zone covers. No name matching is involved. Of 410 records, 224 were filed against this county and 186 against a forecast zone covering it. A zone storm is counted in every county its zone covers, and its damage figure is the whole storm's, not this county's share — NOAA does not publish that split. So these figures describe this county; they must not be added up across counties.
- Counts last rebuilt from the source records on Sep 15, 2026.
- This county's NOAA record is short (under 100 records, under 10 with damage, or under 10 years), so this page is not offered to search engines. It is still accurate.
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Recorded history from federal public records. Not a hazard score, a risk score, or a forecast, and not a substitute for professional actuarial or emergency-management assessment. Decision-support intelligence — not a primary alerting or dispatch system. Verify against official sources.