Madison County, Illinois: hazard history
What federal records show has already happened here: disaster declarations, storms, and flood insurance claims. This is a record of the past. It is not a forecast and not a hazard score.
At a glance
What this means
- The event NOAA recorded most often here is Thunderstorm Wind, with 318 records.
- The costliest single record is Flood in 2019: $24.8M in property damage, in the dollars of that year.
- The deadliest record is Tornado in 2021, with 6 deaths.
- FEMA has declared 16 disasters that named this county, most often for flood.
- The worst year for flood insurance claims was 1979, with 206 claims.
What this can't tell you
- What happens next. Past events do not set the odds of the next one.
- Anything before 1996 from NOAA. That is when NOAA began recording every event type; earlier files hold only tornado, hail and wind, so they are left out on purpose.
- Today's cost. Damage and payments are in the dollars of the year they happened.
- A flood rate. NFIP counts claims but not how many homes were insured, and many flooded homes carry no flood insurance.
- Earthquakes, wildfire perimeters or radar-detected hail. Those records are not tied to counties.
Federal disaster declarations (FEMA)
FEMA declared 16 disasters that named Madison County between 1969 and 2021.
| Incident type | Disasters | Most recent |
|---|---|---|
| Flood | 5 | 2019 |
| Severe Storm | 5 | 2008 |
| Biological | 2 | 2020 |
| Tornado | 2 | 2021 |
| Hurricane | 1 | 2005 |
| Severe Ice Storm | 1 | 2006 |
Most recent declarations
- EM-3577 2021 · Tornado · Severe Storms, Straight-line Winds, And Tornadoes
- DR-4489 2020 · Biological · Covid-19 Pandemic
- EM-3435 2020 · Biological · Covid-19
- DR-4461 2019 · Flood · Severe Storms And Flooding
- DR-1771 2008 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms And Flooding
- DR-1681 2006 · Severe Ice Storm · Severe Winter Storm
- EM-3230 2005 · Hurricane · Hurricane Katrina Evacuation
- DR-1416 2002 · Tornado · Severe Storms, Tornadoes And Flooding
- DR-1112 1996 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms And Flooding
- DR-1053 1995 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms And Flooding
Not counted above: 2 statewide declarations, which covered every county in Illinois. A declaration is a decision to send federal help, not a measure of how bad an event was. Records run from 1953. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries.
Storms recorded by NOAA, by type
| Event type | Records | Deaths | Injuries | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thunderstorm Wind | 318 | 0 | 2 | $2.5M |
| Hail | 293 | 0 | 0 | $200K |
| Tornado | 39 | 6 | 5 | $11.0M |
| Winter Storm | 36 | 0 | 0 | $1.7M |
| Excessive Heat | 35 | 9 | 6 | $0 |
| Heat | 35 | 3 | 91 | $0 |
| Flash Flood | 27 | 0 | 0 | $1K |
| Flood | 14 | 0 | 0 | $24.9M |
| Heavy Snow | 14 | 2 | 0 | $0 |
| High Wind | 9 | 0 | 0 | $52K |
| Lightning | 5 | 0 | 1 | $0 |
| Drought | 4 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Strong Wind | 4 | 0 | 0 | $7K |
| Cold/Wind Chill | 3 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Ice Storm | 3 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Winter Weather | 3 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Extreme Cold/Wind Chill | 2 | 1 | 0 | $0 |
| Heavy Rain | 2 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Sleet | 2 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Dense Fog | 1 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Frost/Freeze | 1 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Funnel Cloud | 1 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
Records start in 1996. Damage is NOAA's estimate at the time, in nominal dollars, and is often rounded; it is not insurance claims data. A storm that crossed two NOAA zones in this county is recorded, and counted, once per zone. A storm filed against a forecast zone is counted in every county that zone covers, with the whole storm's damage; do not add these figures across counties.
Year by year
NOAA storm event records in Madison County each year. The busiest year was 2011, with 56 records.
Show the numbers for every year
| Year | Records | Deaths | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 17 | 0 | $90K |
| 1997 | 10 | 0 | $0 |
| 1998 | 40 | 0 | $800K |
| 1999 | 19 | 1 | $900K |
| 2000 | 35 | 1 | $115K |
| 2001 | 40 | 0 | $5.1M |
| 2002 | 24 | 0 | $0 |
| 2003 | 31 | 0 | $0 |
| 2004 | 30 | 0 | $0 |
| 2005 | 33 | 1 | $1.0M |
| 2006 | 54 | 1 | $1.7M |
| 2007 | 30 | 2 | $5K |
| 2008 | 47 | 2 | $156K |
| 2009 | 27 | 1 | $1K |
| 2010 | 27 | 0 | $0 |
| 2011 | 56 | 4 | $17K |
| 2012 | 37 | 2 | $0 |
| 2013 | 24 | 0 | $3K |
| 2014 | 25 | 0 | $0 |
| 2015 | 15 | 0 | $0 |
| 2016 | 18 | 0 | $0 |
| 2017 | 21 | 0 | $0 |
| 2018 | 24 | 0 | $0 |
| 2019 | 15 | 0 | $24.8M |
| 2020 | 5 | 0 | $0 |
| 2021 | 14 | 6 | $5.0M |
| 2022 | 13 | 0 | $106K |
| 2023 | 28 | 0 | $250K |
| 2024 | 15 | 0 | $217K |
| 2025 | 37 | 0 | $37K |
| 2026 | 40 | 0 | $0 |
Years with no record are left out of the table, not shown as zero.
Notable events
Costliest records
- Flood · Jun 2, 2019$24.8MNOAA name: Madison County · NOAA record 861555
- Tornado · Apr 10, 2001$5.0MNOAA name: Madison County · 1 injury · NOAA record 5243225
- Tornado · Dec 10, 2021$5.0MNOAA name: Madison County · 6 deaths · 1 injury · NOAA record 996712
- Winter Storm · Dec 1, 2006$1.7MNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 8347
- Thunderstorm Wind · Aug 10, 2005$1.0MNOAA name: Madison County · NOAA record 5468782
Deadliest records
- Tornado · Dec 10, 20216 deathsNOAA name: Madison County · $5.0M damage · 1 injury · NOAA record 996712
- Excessive Heat · Aug 4, 20072 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · 6 injuries · NOAA record 56713
- Heavy Snow · Mar 3, 20082 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 88936
- Excessive Heat · Jul 17, 20112 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 372720
- Excessive Heat · Jul 1, 20122 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 383636
Each line is one NOAA record, linked to its page at NOAA. One large storm can appear more than once if NOAA recorded it in several zones of this county. Dollars are nominal.
Flood insurance claims (NFIP)
The National Flood Insurance Program paid $7.7M on 1,103 claims in Madison County from 1978 to 2024.
| Year | Claims | Paid |
|---|---|---|
| 1979 | 206 | $647K |
| 1993 | 121 | $1.9M |
| 1995 | 118 | $510K |
| 1982 | 79 | $150K |
| 1983 | 61 | $106K |
A count of claims, not a rate: NFIP publishes no count of insured homes beside it, and most flood damage is uninsured. Nominal dollars. Records run from 1978 to 2024; claims filed without a county code are not on any county page. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA FIMA NFIP Redacted Claims.
Hazard vulnerability analysis: the probability column for a facility in Madison County
A hazard vulnerability analysis rates each hazard for probability, impact, preparedness and response. Probability is the one column the county’s federal record can fill — NCEI storm events from 1996 to 2026 and FEMA declarations naming the county — and this is what it says for a facility here, on the 0–3 scale of the all-hazards structure surveyors expect. The other six columns are the facility’s own judgment about its building, and Calchis leaves them blank.
| Hazard | Prob. | Basis, from the county record |
|---|---|---|
| Tornado | 3 | 39 NCEI events over 31 years (1.26/yr). 2 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Severe Thunderstorm | 3 | 616 NCEI events over 31 years (19.87/yr). 5 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Flood, External | 3 | 43 NCEI events over 31 years (1.39/yr). 5 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Snow Fall / Blizzard / Ice Storm | 3 | 58 NCEI events over 31 years (1.87/yr). 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Temperature Extremes | 3 | 76 NCEI events over 31 years (2.45/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Hurricane / Tropical Storm | 2 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Drought | 2 | 4 NCEI events over 31 years (0.13/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| High Wind (non-convective) | 2 | 13 NCEI events over 31 years (0.42/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Epidemic | 2 | 2 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Wild Fire | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Earthquake | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Landslide | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Tidal Wave / Tsunami | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Volcano | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Dam Inundation | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
A dash means the record does not speak to that hazard; it is not a zero. Whether a finished document satisfies the CMS Emergency Preparedness Rule is the facility’s finding and its surveyor’s. Complete the HVA for a facility in Madison County — the technological, human and hazardous-materials rows, the six facility columns, the approval and the printed document — or read the sample analysis on that page first.
How this page was made
- Every figure is counted from public federal records held by Calchis: NOAA NCEI Storm Events, FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations, and FEMA NFIP claims. Nothing is modeled or estimated.
- NOAA files some events against a county and others against an NWS forecast zone, and publishes a code for both. Records are counted as Madison County by that code — county records by the county's own FIPS code, zone records through the National Weather Service's published list of which counties each zone covers. No name matching is involved. Of 851 records, 695 were filed against this county and 156 against a forecast zone covering it. A zone storm is counted in every county its zone covers, and its damage figure is the whole storm's, not this county's share — NOAA does not publish that split. So these figures describe this county; they must not be added up across counties. Left out: 1% of Illinois's NOAA records, which are marine zones or zones NWS does not map to a county.
- Counts last rebuilt from the source records on Sep 15, 2026.
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Recorded history from federal public records. Not a hazard score, a risk score, or a forecast, and not a substitute for professional actuarial or emergency-management assessment. Decision-support intelligence — not a primary alerting or dispatch system. Verify against official sources.