Sacramento County, California: hazard history
What federal records show has already happened here: disaster declarations, storms, and flood insurance claims. This is a record of the past. It is not a forecast and not a hazard score.
At a glance
What this means
- The event NOAA recorded most often here is Flood, with 163 records.
- The costliest single record is Flash Flood in 2023: $134.0M in property damage, in the dollars of that year.
- The deadliest record is Flash Flood in 1997, with 1 death.
- FEMA has declared 23 disasters that named this county, most often for flood.
- The worst year for flood insurance claims was 1995, with 1,348 claims.
What this can't tell you
- What happens next. Past events do not set the odds of the next one.
- Anything before 1996 from NOAA. That is when NOAA began recording every event type; earlier files hold only tornado, hail and wind, so they are left out on purpose.
- Today's cost. Damage and payments are in the dollars of the year they happened.
- A flood rate. NFIP counts claims but not how many homes were insured, and many flooded homes carry no flood insurance.
- Earthquakes, wildfire perimeters or radar-detected hail. Those records are not tied to counties.
Federal disaster declarations (FEMA)
FEMA declared 23 disasters that named Sacramento County between 1964 and 2023.
| Incident type | Disasters | Most recent |
|---|---|---|
| Flood | 9 | 2023 |
| Severe Storm | 7 | 2023 |
| Biological | 2 | 2020 |
| Coastal Storm | 2 | 1983 |
| Drought | 1 | 1977 |
| Earthquake | 1 | 1989 |
| Hurricane | 1 | 2005 |
Most recent declarations
- EM-3592 2023 · Flood · Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, Landslides, And Mudslides
- DR-4699 2023 · Severe Storm · Severe Winter Storms, Straight-line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, And Mudslides
- EM-3591 2023 · Flood · Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, And Mudslides
- DR-4683 2022 · Flood · Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, Landslides, And Mudslides
- DR-4482 2020 · Biological · Covid-19 Pandemic
- EM-3428 2020 · Biological · Covid-19
- DR-4308 2017 · Flood · Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, And Mudslides
- DR-4305 2017 · Flood · Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, And Mudslides
- DR-4301 2017 · Severe Storm · Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, And Mudslides
- DR-1628 2005 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms, Flooding, Mudslides, And Landslides
Not counted above: 34 statewide declarations, which covered every county in California. A declaration is a decision to send federal help, not a measure of how bad an event was. Records run from 1953. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries.
Storms recorded by NOAA, by type
| Event type | Records | Deaths | Injuries | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flood | 163 | 1 | 1 | $138.6M |
| Heavy Rain | 29 | 0 | 1 | $365K |
| Tornado | 12 | 0 | 0 | $755K |
| Flash Flood | 9 | 4 | 0 | $138.4M |
| Hail | 8 | 0 | 0 | $111K |
| Funnel Cloud | 7 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Thunderstorm Wind | 7 | 0 | 0 | $73K |
| Lightning | 1 | 0 | 0 | $150K |
Records start in 1996. Damage is NOAA's estimate at the time, in nominal dollars, and is often rounded; it is not insurance claims data. A storm that crossed two NOAA zones in this county is recorded, and counted, once per zone.
Year by year
NOAA storm event records in Sacramento County each year. The busiest year was 2023, with 38 records.
Show the numbers for every year
| Year | Records | Deaths | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 1 | 0 | $0 |
| 1997 | 4 | 1 | $4.4M |
| 1998 | 3 | 0 | $10K |
| 1999 | 2 | 0 | $0 |
| 2000 | 8 | 0 | $265K |
| 2001 | 3 | 0 | $0 |
| 2005 | 13 | 0 | $686K |
| 2006 | 2 | 0 | $4.8M |
| 2007 | 4 | 0 | $2K |
| 2008 | 1 | 0 | $0 |
| 2009 | 1 | 0 | $0 |
| 2011 | 1 | 0 | $18K |
| 2012 | 2 | 0 | $0 |
| 2013 | 1 | 0 | $0 |
| 2014 | 4 | 0 | $1K |
| 2015 | 3 | 0 | $0 |
| 2016 | 11 | 0 | $51K |
| 2017 | 27 | 0 | $40K |
| 2018 | 5 | 0 | $110K |
| 2019 | 16 | 0 | $25K |
| 2020 | 9 | 0 | $0 |
| 2021 | 4 | 0 | $0 |
| 2022 | 11 | 0 | $0 |
| 2023 | 38 | 3 | $268.0M |
| 2024 | 9 | 0 | $0 |
| 2025 | 25 | 1 | $20K |
| 2026 | 28 | 0 | $3K |
Years with no record are left out of the table, not shown as zero.
Notable events
Costliest records
- Flash Flood · Jan 1, 2023$134.0MNOAA name: Sacramento County · NOAA record 1078716
- Flood · Jan 1, 2023$134.0MNOAA name: Sacramento County · NOAA record 1079144
- Flood · Jan 1, 2006$4.5MNOAA name: Sacramento County · NOAA record 5488501
- Flash Flood · Jan 2, 1997$2.4MNOAA name: Sacramento County · 1 death · NOAA record 5590338
- Flash Flood · Jan 22, 1997$1.5MNOAA name: Sacramento County · NOAA record 5590339
Deadliest records
- Flash Flood · Jan 2, 19971 deathNOAA name: Sacramento County · $2.4M damage · NOAA record 5590338
- Flash Flood · Jan 1, 20231 deathNOAA name: Sacramento County · NOAA record 1075542
- Flash Flood · Jan 1, 20231 deathNOAA name: Sacramento County · NOAA record 1075548
- Flash Flood · Jan 1, 20231 deathNOAA name: Sacramento County · NOAA record 1075556
- Flood · Dec 24, 20251 deathNOAA name: Sacramento County · NOAA record 1307691
Each line is one NOAA record, linked to its page at NOAA. One large storm can appear more than once if NOAA recorded it in several zones of this county. Dollars are nominal.
Flood insurance claims (NFIP)
The National Flood Insurance Program paid $38.4M on 3,836 claims in Sacramento County from 1978 to 2024.
| Year | Claims | Paid |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 1,348 | $11.4M |
| 1997 | 592 | $7.9M |
| 1986 | 263 | $4.6M |
| 1998 | 240 | $699K |
| 2017 | 148 | $2.6M |
A count of claims, not a rate: NFIP publishes no count of insured homes beside it, and most flood damage is uninsured. Nominal dollars. Records run from 1978 to 2024; claims filed without a county code are not on any county page. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA FIMA NFIP Redacted Claims.
Hazard vulnerability analysis: the probability column for a facility in Sacramento County
A hazard vulnerability analysis rates each hazard for probability, impact, preparedness and response. Probability is the one column the county’s federal record can fill — NCEI storm events from 1996 to 2026 and FEMA declarations naming the county — and this is what it says for a facility here, on the 0–3 scale of the all-hazards structure surveyors expect. The other six columns are the facility’s own judgment about its building, and Calchis leaves them blank.
| Hazard | Prob. | Basis, from the county record |
|---|---|---|
| Hurricane / Tropical Storm | 3 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. 3 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Severe Thunderstorm | 3 | 16 NCEI events over 31 years (0.52/yr). 7 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Flood, External | 3 | 201 NCEI events over 31 years (6.48/yr). 9 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Tornado | 2 | 12 NCEI events over 31 years (0.39/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Drought | 2 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Earthquake | 2 | 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Epidemic | 2 | 2 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Snow Fall / Blizzard / Ice Storm | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Temperature Extremes | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Wild Fire | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| High Wind (non-convective) | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Landslide | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Tidal Wave / Tsunami | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Volcano | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Dam Inundation | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
A dash means the record does not speak to that hazard; it is not a zero. Whether a finished document satisfies the CMS Emergency Preparedness Rule is the facility’s finding and its surveyor’s. Complete the HVA for a facility in Sacramento County — the technological, human and hazardous-materials rows, the six facility columns, the approval and the printed document — or read the sample analysis on that page first.
How this page was made
- Every figure is counted from public federal records held by Calchis: NOAA NCEI Storm Events, FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations, and FEMA NFIP claims. Nothing is modeled or estimated.
- NOAA files some events against a county and others against an NWS forecast zone, and publishes a code for both. Records are counted as Sacramento County by that code — county records by the county's own FIPS code, zone records through the National Weather Service's published list of which counties each zone covers. No name matching is involved. Left out: 29% of California's NOAA records, which are marine zones or zones NWS does not map to a county.
- Counts last rebuilt from the source records on Sep 15, 2026.
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Recorded history from federal public records. Not a hazard score, a risk score, or a forecast, and not a substitute for professional actuarial or emergency-management assessment. Decision-support intelligence — not a primary alerting or dispatch system. Verify against official sources.