Fresno County, California: hazard history
What federal records show has already happened here: disaster declarations, storms, and flood insurance claims. This is a record of the past. It is not a forecast and not a hazard score.
At a glance
What this means
- The event NOAA recorded most often here is Dense Fog, with 550 records.
- The costliest single record is Winter Storm in 2023: $8.9M in property damage, in the dollars of that year.
- The deadliest record is Flood in 2023, with 2 deaths.
- FEMA has declared 20 disasters that named this county, most often for flood.
- The worst year for flood insurance claims was 1995, with 60 claims.
What this can't tell you
- What happens next. Past events do not set the odds of the next one.
- Anything before 1996 from NOAA. That is when NOAA began recording every event type; earlier files hold only tornado, hail and wind, so they are left out on purpose.
- Today's cost. Damage and payments are in the dollars of the year they happened.
- A flood rate. NFIP counts claims but not how many homes were insured, and many flooded homes carry no flood insurance.
- Earthquakes, wildfire perimeters or radar-detected hail. Those records are not tied to counties.
Federal disaster declarations (FEMA)
FEMA declared 20 disasters that named Fresno County between 1969 and 2023.
| Incident type | Disasters | Most recent |
|---|---|---|
| Flood | 6 | 2023 |
| Severe Storm | 4 | 2023 |
| Fire | 3 | 2020 |
| Freezing | 3 | 2007 |
| Biological | 2 | 2020 |
| Drought | 1 | 1977 |
| Hurricane | 1 | 2005 |
Most recent declarations
- EM-3592 2023 · Flood · Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, Landslides, And Mudslides
- DR-4699 2023 · Severe Storm · Severe Winter Storms, Straight-line Winds, Flooding, Landslides, And Mudslides
- EM-3591 2023 · Flood · Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, And Mudslides
- DR-4683 2022 · Flood · Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, Landslides, And Mudslides
- FM-5348 2020 · Fire · Creek Fire
- DR-4569 2020 · Fire · Wildfires
- DR-4482 2020 · Biological · Covid-19 Pandemic
- EM-3428 2020 · Biological · Covid-19
- FM-5140 2016 · Fire · Goose Fire
- DR-1689 2007 · Freezing · Severe Freeze
Not counted above: 35 statewide declarations, which covered every county in California. A declaration is a decision to send federal help, not a measure of how bad an event was. Records run from 1953. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries.
Storms recorded by NOAA, by type
| Event type | Records | Deaths | Injuries | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dense Fog | 550 | 10 | 0 | $1.3M |
| Flood | 312 | 2 | 0 | $3.3M |
| Drought | 250 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Heavy Snow | 211 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Frost/Freeze | 179 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Heat | 151 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Heavy Rain | 107 | 2 | 0 | $2.1M |
| High Wind | 107 | 0 | 0 | $32K |
| Winter Weather | 101 | 1 | 0 | $0 |
| Excessive Heat | 97 | 2 | 0 | $0 |
| Hail | 79 | 0 | 8 | $61K |
| Thunderstorm Wind | 68 | 0 | 15 | $3.2M |
| Strong Wind | 64 | 0 | 0 | $269K |
| Funnel Cloud | 47 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Debris Flow | 40 | 0 | 0 | $200 |
| Lightning | 37 | 1 | 3 | $2.8M |
| Flash Flood | 32 | 0 | 0 | $73K |
| Tornado | 17 | 0 | 0 | $781K |
| Wildfire | 14 | 0 | 0 | $12.1M |
| Dust Storm | 7 | 0 | 0 | $510K |
| Avalanche | 1 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Winter Storm | 1 | 0 | 0 | $8.9M |
Records start in 1996. Damage is NOAA's estimate at the time, in nominal dollars, and is often rounded; it is not insurance claims data. A storm that crossed two NOAA zones in this county is recorded, and counted, once per zone. A storm filed against a forecast zone is counted in every county that zone covers, with the whole storm's damage; do not add these figures across counties.
Year by year
NOAA storm event records in Fresno County each year. The busiest year was 2022, with 567 records.
Show the numbers for every year
| Year | Records | Deaths | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 23 | 0 | $210K |
| 1997 | 13 | 0 | $3.6M |
| 1998 | 26 | 0 | $2.3M |
| 1999 | 9 | 0 | $50K |
| 2000 | 21 | 0 | $465K |
| 2001 | 16 | 0 | $7.4M |
| 2002 | 24 | 0 | $120K |
| 2003 | 19 | 0 | $2.6M |
| 2004 | 9 | 0 | $80K |
| 2005 | 37 | 0 | $252K |
| 2006 | 38 | 0 | $1.5M |
| 2007 | 20 | 0 | $825K |
| 2008 | 6 | 0 | $65K |
| 2009 | 21 | 0 | $77K |
| 2010 | 14 | 0 | $510K |
| 2011 | 27 | 0 | $155K |
| 2012 | 15 | 0 | $1.1M |
| 2013 | 2 | 0 | $220K |
| 2014 | 9 | 0 | $510K |
| 2015 | 1 | 0 | $0 |
| 2016 | 28 | 1 | $0 |
| 2017 | 52 | 0 | $221K |
| 2018 | 20 | 0 | $0 |
| 2019 | 34 | 1 | $645K |
| 2020 | 7 | 0 | $0 |
| 2021 | 259 | 3 | $480K |
| 2022 | 567 | 2 | $642K |
| 2023 | 478 | 2 | $9.8M |
| 2024 | 438 | 7 | $1.7M |
| 2025 | 170 | 0 | $21K |
| 2026 | 69 | 2 | $0 |
Years with no record are left out of the table, not shown as zero.
Notable events
Costliest records
- Winter Storm · Jan 9, 2023$8.9MNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 1066989
- Wildfire · Aug 19, 2001$6.1MNOAA name: Fresno County · NOAA record 5265870
- Wildfire · Jan 11, 2003$2.5MNOAA name: Fresno County · NOAA record 5341865
- Wildfire · Aug 6, 1997$1.9MNOAA name: Fresno County · NOAA record 5608839
- Heavy Rain · Feb 1, 1998$1.6MNOAA name: Fresno County · NOAA record 5639470
Deadliest records
- Flood · May 1, 20232 deathsNOAA name: Fresno County · NOAA record 1094752
- Dense Fog · Jan 29, 20242 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 1150332
- Excessive Heat · Jul 2, 20242 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 1181897
- Dense Fog · Jan 16, 20262 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 1310961
- Heavy Rain · Nov 20, 20161 deathNOAA name: Fresno County · NOAA record 668559
Each line is one NOAA record, linked to its page at NOAA. One large storm can appear more than once if NOAA recorded it in several zones of this county. Dollars are nominal.
Flood insurance claims (NFIP)
The National Flood Insurance Program paid $1.8M on 270 claims in Fresno County from 1978 to 2023.
| Year | Claims | Paid |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 60 | $368K |
| 1998 | 27 | $179K |
| 1983 | 24 | $23K |
| 1992 | 17 | $29K |
| 1993 | 16 | $38K |
A count of claims, not a rate: NFIP publishes no count of insured homes beside it, and most flood damage is uninsured. Nominal dollars. Records run from 1978 to 2024; claims filed without a county code are not on any county page. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA FIMA NFIP Redacted Claims.
Hazard vulnerability analysis: the probability column for a facility in Fresno County
A hazard vulnerability analysis rates each hazard for probability, impact, preparedness and response. Probability is the one column the county’s federal record can fill — NCEI storm events from 1996 to 2026 and FEMA declarations naming the county — and this is what it says for a facility here, on the 0–3 scale of the all-hazards structure surveyors expect. The other six columns are the facility’s own judgment about its building, and Calchis leaves them blank.
| Hazard | Prob. | Basis, from the county record |
|---|---|---|
| Severe Thunderstorm | 3 | 184 NCEI events over 31 years (5.94/yr). 4 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Flood, External | 3 | 451 NCEI events over 31 years (14.55/yr). 6 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Snow Fall / Blizzard / Ice Storm | 3 | 313 NCEI events over 31 years (10.10/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Temperature Extremes | 3 | 427 NCEI events over 31 years (13.77/yr). 3 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Drought | 3 | 250 NCEI events over 31 years (8.06/yr). 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Wild Fire | 3 | 14 NCEI events over 31 years (0.45/yr). 3 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| High Wind (non-convective) | 3 | 171 NCEI events over 31 years (5.52/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Landslide | 3 | 41 NCEI events over 31 years (1.32/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Hurricane / Tropical Storm | 2 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Tornado | 2 | 17 NCEI events over 31 years (0.55/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Epidemic | 2 | 2 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Earthquake | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Tidal Wave / Tsunami | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Volcano | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Dam Inundation | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
A dash means the record does not speak to that hazard; it is not a zero. Whether a finished document satisfies the CMS Emergency Preparedness Rule is the facility’s finding and its surveyor’s. Complete the HVA for a facility in Fresno County — the technological, human and hazardous-materials rows, the six facility columns, the approval and the printed document — or read the sample analysis on that page first.
How this page was made
- Every figure is counted from public federal records held by Calchis: NOAA NCEI Storm Events, FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations, and FEMA NFIP claims. Nothing is modeled or estimated.
- NOAA files some events against a county and others against an NWS forecast zone, and publishes a code for both. Records are counted as Fresno County by that code — county records by the county's own FIPS code, zone records through the National Weather Service's published list of which counties each zone covers. No name matching is involved. Of 2,472 records, 754 were filed against this county and 1,718 against a forecast zone covering it. A zone storm is counted in every county its zone covers, and its damage figure is the whole storm's, not this county's share — NOAA does not publish that split. So these figures describe this county; they must not be added up across counties. Left out: 29% of California's NOAA records, which are marine zones or zones NWS does not map to a county.
- Counts last rebuilt from the source records on Sep 15, 2026.
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Recorded history from federal public records. Not a hazard score, a risk score, or a forecast, and not a substitute for professional actuarial or emergency-management assessment. Decision-support intelligence — not a primary alerting or dispatch system. Verify against official sources.