Marshall County, Alabama: hazard history
What federal records show has already happened here: disaster declarations, storms, and flood insurance claims. This is a record of the past. It is not a forecast and not a hazard score.
At a glance
What this means
- The event NOAA recorded most often here is Thunderstorm Wind, with 439 records.
- The costliest single record is Tornado in 2010: $14.0M in property damage, in the dollars of that year.
- The deadliest record is Tornado in 2011, with 5 deaths.
- FEMA has declared 29 disasters that named this county, most often for severe storm.
- The worst year for flood insurance claims was 2015, with 10 claims.
What this can't tell you
- What happens next. Past events do not set the odds of the next one.
- Anything before 1996 from NOAA. That is when NOAA began recording every event type; earlier files hold only tornado, hail and wind, so they are left out on purpose.
- Today's cost. Damage and payments are in the dollars of the year they happened.
- A flood rate. NFIP counts claims but not how many homes were insured, and many flooded homes carry no flood insurance.
- Earthquakes, wildfire perimeters or radar-detected hail. Those records are not tied to counties.
Federal disaster declarations (FEMA)
FEMA declared 29 disasters that named Marshall County between 1973 and 2024.
| Incident type | Disasters | Most recent |
|---|---|---|
| Severe Storm | 14 | 2020 |
| Hurricane | 6 | 2024 |
| Flood | 4 | 1990 |
| Biological | 2 | 2020 |
| Drought | 1 | 1977 |
| Snowstorm | 1 | 1993 |
| Tornado | 1 | 1973 |
Most recent declarations
- EM-3618 2024 · Hurricane · Hurricane Helene
- EM-3545 2020 · Hurricane · Hurricane Sally
- DR-4555 2020 · Severe Storm · Severe Thunderstorms
- DR-4503 2020 · Biological · Covid-19 Pandemic
- EM-3472 2020 · Biological · Covid-19
- EM-3389 2017 · Hurricane · Hurricane Irma
- DR-4251 2015 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-line Winds, And Flooding
- EM-3319 2011 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms, Tornadoes, And Straight-line Winds
- DR-1971 2011 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-line Winds, And Flooding
- DR-1908 2010 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-line Winds, And Flooding
Not counted above: 6 statewide declarations, which covered every county in Alabama. A declaration is a decision to send federal help, not a measure of how bad an event was. Records run from 1953. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries.
Storms recorded by NOAA, by type
| Event type | Records | Deaths | Injuries | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thunderstorm Wind | 439 | 2 | 3 | $2.3M |
| Hail | 183 | 0 | 1 | $294K |
| Flash Flood | 67 | 2 | 4 | $630K |
| Tornado | 49 | 6 | 97 | $16.4M |
| Frost/Freeze | 47 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Drought | 40 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Winter Weather | 30 | 1 | 0 | $0 |
| Lightning | 25 | 1 | 7 | $8.3M |
| Heat | 24 | 2 | 0 | $0 |
| Flood | 22 | 0 | 0 | $465K |
| Cold/Wind Chill | 20 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| High Wind | 17 | 0 | 0 | $752K |
| Winter Storm | 14 | 0 | 0 | $69K |
| Strong Wind | 12 | 3 | 1 | $1.1M |
| Heavy Snow | 11 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Heavy Rain | 8 | 1 | 1 | $0 |
| Funnel Cloud | 7 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Excessive Heat | 3 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Tropical Storm | 3 | 0 | 0 | $2K |
| Extreme Cold/Wind Chill | 2 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Freezing Fog | 2 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Ice Storm | 2 | 0 | 0 | $100K |
Records start in 1996. Damage is NOAA's estimate at the time, in nominal dollars, and is often rounded; it is not insurance claims data. A storm that crossed two NOAA zones in this county is recorded, and counted, once per zone. A storm filed against a forecast zone is counted in every county that zone covers, with the whole storm's damage; do not add these figures across counties.
Year by year
NOAA storm event records in Marshall County each year. The busiest year was 2011, with 100 records.
Show the numbers for every year
| Year | Records | Deaths | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 19 | 0 | $710K |
| 1997 | 21 | 0 | $189K |
| 1998 | 26 | 0 | $436K |
| 1999 | 17 | 1 | $54K |
| 2000 | 10 | 1 | $154K |
| 2001 | 11 | 0 | $519K |
| 2002 | 13 | 0 | $1.6M |
| 2003 | 34 | 0 | $252K |
| 2004 | 24 | 0 | $5K |
| 2005 | 19 | 0 | $0 |
| 2006 | 34 | 0 | $174K |
| 2007 | 25 | 0 | $1.0M |
| 2008 | 39 | 0 | $141K |
| 2009 | 62 | 1 | $1.3M |
| 2010 | 47 | 2 | $14.3M |
| 2011 | 100 | 5 | $464K |
| 2012 | 28 | 1 | $301K |
| 2013 | 33 | 0 | $153K |
| 2014 | 32 | 0 | $173K |
| 2015 | 28 | 2 | $0 |
| 2016 | 21 | 0 | $7K |
| 2017 | 60 | 0 | $7K |
| 2018 | 56 | 0 | $26K |
| 2019 | 22 | 0 | $700 |
| 2020 | 34 | 2 | $5K |
| 2021 | 33 | 2 | $15K |
| 2022 | 22 | 0 | $11K |
| 2023 | 54 | 1 | $123K |
| 2024 | 26 | 0 | $88K |
| 2025 | 64 | 0 | $8.2M |
| 2026 | 13 | 0 | $27K |
Years with no record are left out of the table, not shown as zero.
Notable events
Costliest records
- Tornado · Apr 24, 2010$14.0MNOAA name: Marshall County · 35 injuries · NOAA record 232519
- Lightning · May 20, 2025$8.0MNOAA name: Marshall County · NOAA record 1279114
- Tornado · Mar 29, 2002$1.4MNOAA name: Marshall County · NOAA record 5284407
- Strong Wind · Dec 20, 2007$1.0MNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 72358
- High Wind · Apr 13, 2009$600KNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 167716
Deadliest records
- Tornado · Apr 27, 20115 deathsNOAA name: Marshall County · 48 injuries · NOAA record 302067
- Thunderstorm Wind · Aug 10, 20152 deathsNOAA name: Marshall County · 2 injuries · NOAA record 598386
- Strong Wind · Nov 30, 20202 deathsNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · 1 injury · NOAA record 928557
- Heavy Rain · Jun 28, 19991 deathNOAA name: Marshall County · 1 injury · NOAA record 5706519
- Heat · Jun 24, 20001 deathNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 5148770
Each line is one NOAA record, linked to its page at NOAA. One large storm can appear more than once if NOAA recorded it in several zones of this county. Dollars are nominal.
Flood insurance claims (NFIP)
The National Flood Insurance Program paid $951K on 39 claims in Marshall County from 1979 to 2022.
| Year | Claims | Paid |
|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 10 | $134K |
| 2021 | 7 | $394K |
| 2011 | 5 | $66K |
| 2020 | 2 | $8K |
| 2017 | 2 | $20K |
A count of claims, not a rate: NFIP publishes no count of insured homes beside it, and most flood damage is uninsured. Nominal dollars. Records run from 1978 to 2024; claims filed without a county code are not on any county page. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA FIMA NFIP Redacted Claims.
Hazard vulnerability analysis: the probability column for a facility in Marshall County
A hazard vulnerability analysis rates each hazard for probability, impact, preparedness and response. Probability is the one column the county’s federal record can fill — NCEI storm events from 1996 to 2026 and FEMA declarations naming the county — and this is what it says for a facility here, on the 0–3 scale of the all-hazards structure surveyors expect. The other six columns are the facility’s own judgment about its building, and Calchis leaves them blank.
| Hazard | Prob. | Basis, from the county record |
|---|---|---|
| Hurricane / Tropical Storm | 3 | 3 NCEI events over 31 years (0.10/yr). 6 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Tornado | 3 | 49 NCEI events over 31 years (1.58/yr). 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Severe Thunderstorm | 3 | 647 NCEI events over 31 years (20.87/yr). 14 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Flood, External | 3 | 97 NCEI events over 31 years (3.13/yr). 4 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Snow Fall / Blizzard / Ice Storm | 3 | 59 NCEI events over 31 years (1.90/yr). 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Temperature Extremes | 3 | 96 NCEI events over 31 years (3.10/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Drought | 3 | 40 NCEI events over 31 years (1.29/yr). 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| High Wind (non-convective) | 2 | 29 NCEI events over 31 years (0.94/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Epidemic | 2 | 2 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Wild Fire | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Earthquake | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Landslide | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Tidal Wave / Tsunami | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Volcano | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Dam Inundation | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
A dash means the record does not speak to that hazard; it is not a zero. Whether a finished document satisfies the CMS Emergency Preparedness Rule is the facility’s finding and its surveyor’s. Complete the HVA for a facility in Marshall County — the technological, human and hazardous-materials rows, the six facility columns, the approval and the printed document — or read the sample analysis on that page first.
How this page was made
- Every figure is counted from public federal records held by Calchis: NOAA NCEI Storm Events, FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations, and FEMA NFIP claims. Nothing is modeled or estimated.
- NOAA files some events against a county and others against an NWS forecast zone, and publishes a code for both. Records are counted as Marshall County by that code — county records by the county's own FIPS code, zone records through the National Weather Service's published list of which counties each zone covers. No name matching is involved. Of 1,027 records, 799 were filed against this county and 228 against a forecast zone covering it. A zone storm is counted in every county its zone covers, and its damage figure is the whole storm's, not this county's share — NOAA does not publish that split. So these figures describe this county; they must not be added up across counties. Left out: 1% of Alabama's NOAA records, which are marine zones or zones NWS does not map to a county.
- Counts last rebuilt from the source records on Sep 15, 2026.
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Recorded history from federal public records. Not a hazard score, a risk score, or a forecast, and not a substitute for professional actuarial or emergency-management assessment. Decision-support intelligence — not a primary alerting or dispatch system. Verify against official sources.