Jackson County, Alabama: hazard history
What federal records show has already happened here: disaster declarations, storms, and flood insurance claims. This is a record of the past. It is not a forecast and not a hazard score.
At a glance
What this means
- The event NOAA recorded most often here is Thunderstorm Wind, with 610 records.
- The costliest single record is Tornado in 2023: $5.5M in property damage, in the dollars of that year.
- The deadliest record is Tornado in 2011, with 6 deaths.
- FEMA has declared 28 disasters that named this county, most often for severe storm.
- The worst year for flood insurance claims was 2003, with 16 claims.
What this can't tell you
- What happens next. Past events do not set the odds of the next one.
- Anything before 1996 from NOAA. That is when NOAA began recording every event type; earlier files hold only tornado, hail and wind, so they are left out on purpose.
- Today's cost. Damage and payments are in the dollars of the year they happened.
- A flood rate. NFIP counts claims but not how many homes were insured, and many flooded homes carry no flood insurance.
- Earthquakes, wildfire perimeters or radar-detected hail. Those records are not tied to counties.
Federal disaster declarations (FEMA)
FEMA declared 28 disasters that named Jackson County between 1973 and 2024.
| Incident type | Disasters | Most recent |
|---|---|---|
| Severe Storm | 11 | 2020 |
| Hurricane | 6 | 2024 |
| Tornado | 3 | 1989 |
| Biological | 2 | 2020 |
| Fire | 2 | 2001 |
| Flood | 2 | 1990 |
| Drought | 1 | 1977 |
| Snowstorm | 1 | 1993 |
Most recent declarations
- EM-3618 2024 · Hurricane · Hurricane Helene
- EM-3545 2020 · Hurricane · Hurricane Sally
- DR-4555 2020 · Severe Storm · Severe Thunderstorms
- EM-3472 2020 · Biological · Covid-19
- DR-4503 2020 · Biological · Covid-19 Pandemic
- DR-4426 2019 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms, Straight-line Winds, Tornadoes, And Flooding
- EM-3389 2017 · Hurricane · Hurricane Irma
- DR-4251 2015 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-line Winds, And Flooding
- EM-3319 2011 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms, Tornadoes, And Straight-line Winds
- DR-1971 2011 · Severe Storm · Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-line Winds, And Flooding
Not counted above: 6 statewide declarations, which covered every county in Alabama. A declaration is a decision to send federal help, not a measure of how bad an event was. Records run from 1953. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries.
Storms recorded by NOAA, by type
| Event type | Records | Deaths | Injuries | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thunderstorm Wind | 610 | 0 | 5 | $2.5M |
| Hail | 119 | 0 | 0 | $236K |
| Flash Flood | 56 | 0 | 0 | $1.6M |
| Frost/Freeze | 54 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Tornado | 52 | 12 | 24 | $13.1M |
| Drought | 51 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Winter Weather | 42 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Flood | 30 | 0 | 0 | $10K |
| Heat | 24 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Cold/Wind Chill | 20 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Strong Wind | 13 | 1 | 0 | $5.0M |
| Winter Storm | 13 | 0 | 0 | $54K |
| Heavy Snow | 11 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Heavy Rain | 10 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Lightning | 10 | 1 | 6 | $141K |
| High Wind | 9 | 0 | 0 | $630K |
| Ice Storm | 5 | 0 | 0 | $2.1M |
| Extreme Cold/Wind Chill | 3 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Tropical Storm | 3 | 0 | 0 | $1K |
| Excessive Heat | 2 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Freezing Fog | 2 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Debris Flow | 1 | 0 | 0 | $20K |
| Funnel Cloud | 1 | 0 | 0 | $0 |
Records start in 1996. Damage is NOAA's estimate at the time, in nominal dollars, and is often rounded; it is not insurance claims data. A storm that crossed two NOAA zones in this county is recorded, and counted, once per zone. A storm filed against a forecast zone is counted in every county that zone covers, with the whole storm's damage; do not add these figures across counties.
Year by year
NOAA storm event records in Jackson County each year. The busiest year was 2025, with 183 records.
Show the numbers for every year
| Year | Records | Deaths | Property damage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 18 | 0 | $288K |
| 1997 | 10 | 0 | $185K |
| 1998 | 22 | 0 | $165K |
| 1999 | 5 | 0 | $22K |
| 2000 | 12 | 0 | $2.1M |
| 2001 | 12 | 1 | $48K |
| 2002 | 16 | 0 | $46K |
| 2003 | 37 | 0 | $1.5M |
| 2004 | 30 | 0 | $0 |
| 2005 | 27 | 0 | $190K |
| 2006 | 17 | 0 | $25K |
| 2007 | 17 | 0 | $0 |
| 2008 | 39 | 1 | $423K |
| 2009 | 43 | 0 | $783K |
| 2010 | 36 | 0 | $613K |
| 2011 | 39 | 8 | $342K |
| 2012 | 23 | 0 | $88K |
| 2013 | 20 | 0 | $108K |
| 2014 | 21 | 0 | $9K |
| 2015 | 20 | 0 | $1K |
| 2016 | 25 | 3 | $7K |
| 2017 | 31 | 0 | $4K |
| 2018 | 54 | 0 | $3K |
| 2019 | 36 | 0 | $3K |
| 2020 | 53 | 0 | $15K |
| 2021 | 43 | 0 | $14K |
| 2022 | 46 | 0 | $5.1M |
| 2023 | 83 | 1 | $5.9M |
| 2024 | 89 | 0 | $6.6M |
| 2025 | 183 | 0 | $784K |
| 2026 | 34 | 0 | $58K |
Years with no record are left out of the table, not shown as zero.
Notable events
Costliest records
- Tornado · Mar 25, 2023$5.5MNOAA name: Jackson County · NOAA record 1086284
- Strong Wind · Feb 17, 2022$5.0MNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 1008900
- Tornado · May 8, 2024$4.5MNOAA name: Jackson County · 7 injuries · NOAA record 1181624
- Ice Storm · Jan 22, 2000$2.0MNOAA name: NWS forecast zone · NOAA record 5127430
- Tornado · May 8, 2024$1.4MNOAA name: Jackson County · NOAA record 1181616
Deadliest records
- Tornado · Apr 27, 20116 deathsNOAA name: Jackson County · NOAA record 301925
- Tornado · Nov 30, 20163 deathsNOAA name: Jackson County · NOAA record 665859
- Lightning · Aug 12, 20011 deathNOAA name: Jackson County · 4 injuries · NOAA record 5264220
- Tornado · Feb 6, 20081 deathNOAA name: Jackson County · 12 injuries · NOAA record 83659
- Tornado · Apr 27, 20111 deathNOAA name: Jackson County · NOAA record 301882
Each line is one NOAA record, linked to its page at NOAA. One large storm can appear more than once if NOAA recorded it in several zones of this county. Dollars are nominal.
Flood insurance claims (NFIP)
The National Flood Insurance Program paid $692K on 65 claims in Jackson County from 1979 to 2020.
| Year | Claims | Paid |
|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 16 | $216K |
| 2010 | 9 | $178K |
| 2020 | 6 | $98K |
| 2009 | 5 | $2K |
| 1990 | 5 | $36K |
A count of claims, not a rate: NFIP publishes no count of insured homes beside it, and most flood damage is uninsured. Nominal dollars. Records run from 1978 to 2024; claims filed without a county code are not on any county page. Source: FEMA OpenFEMA FIMA NFIP Redacted Claims.
Hazard vulnerability analysis: the probability column for a facility in Jackson County
A hazard vulnerability analysis rates each hazard for probability, impact, preparedness and response. Probability is the one column the county’s federal record can fill — NCEI storm events from 1996 to 2026 and FEMA declarations naming the county — and this is what it says for a facility here, on the 0–3 scale of the all-hazards structure surveyors expect. The other six columns are the facility’s own judgment about its building, and Calchis leaves them blank.
| Hazard | Prob. | Basis, from the county record |
|---|---|---|
| Hurricane / Tropical Storm | 3 | 3 NCEI events over 31 years (0.10/yr). 6 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Tornado | 3 | 52 NCEI events over 31 years (1.68/yr). 3 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Severe Thunderstorm | 3 | 739 NCEI events over 31 years (23.84/yr). 11 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Flood, External | 3 | 96 NCEI events over 31 years (3.10/yr). 2 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Snow Fall / Blizzard / Ice Storm | 3 | 73 NCEI events over 31 years (2.35/yr). 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Temperature Extremes | 3 | 103 NCEI events over 31 years (3.32/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Drought | 3 | 51 NCEI events over 31 years (1.65/yr). 1 federal disaster declaration naming the county. |
| Wild Fire | 2 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. 2 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| High Wind (non-convective) | 2 | 22 NCEI events over 31 years (0.71/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Epidemic | 2 | 2 federal disaster declarations naming the county. |
| Earthquake | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Landslide | 1 | 1 NCEI event over 31 years (0.03/yr). No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Tidal Wave / Tsunami | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Volcano | 1 | No events of this kind on the county's NCEI record over 31 years. No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
| Dam Inundation | 1 | No federal disaster declaration of this kind has named the county. |
A dash means the record does not speak to that hazard; it is not a zero. Whether a finished document satisfies the CMS Emergency Preparedness Rule is the facility’s finding and its surveyor’s. Complete the HVA for a facility in Jackson County — the technological, human and hazardous-materials rows, the six facility columns, the approval and the printed document — or read the sample analysis on that page first.
How this page was made
- Every figure is counted from public federal records held by Calchis: NOAA NCEI Storm Events, FEMA OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations, and FEMA NFIP claims. Nothing is modeled or estimated.
- NOAA files some events against a county and others against an NWS forecast zone, and publishes a code for both. Records are counted as Jackson County by that code — county records by the county's own FIPS code, zone records through the National Weather Service's published list of which counties each zone covers. No name matching is involved. Of 1,141 records, 888 were filed against this county and 253 against a forecast zone covering it. A zone storm is counted in every county its zone covers, and its damage figure is the whole storm's, not this county's share — NOAA does not publish that split. So these figures describe this county; they must not be added up across counties. Left out: 1% of Alabama's NOAA records, which are marine zones or zones NWS does not map to a county.
- Counts last rebuilt from the source records on Sep 15, 2026.
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Recorded history from federal public records. Not a hazard score, a risk score, or a forecast, and not a substitute for professional actuarial or emergency-management assessment. Decision-support intelligence — not a primary alerting or dispatch system. Verify against official sources.